Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, 4th Edition

Main Author : By Robert B. Colvin, MD, Anthony Chang, MD and Lynn D. Cornell, MD

ISBN : 9780443107177

Imprint : Elsevier

Publication Date : Jul 2023

Illustrations : Nearly 4,500 print and online-only images, including high-resolution photographs and histologic images, full-color medical illustrations, radiologic images, and more

Page : 1176

Description

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering the full range of common and rare nonneoplastic renal diseases, it incorporates the most recent scientific and technical knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today’s practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases, fourth edition, is a visually stunning, one-stop resource for every practicing pathologist, nephrologist, resident, student, or fellow as an ideal day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource. 

Key Features

• Provides a comprehensive source for key pathologies and clinical features of more than 265 kidney diseases 

• Features two dozen new chapters on a variety of timely topics, including COVID-19 nephropathies, xenografts, artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology analysis, harmonized nephropathology terminology, newly identified types of amyloidosis, common artifacts and pitfalls on kidney biopsy, vaccination-associated renal disease, crystal nephropathies, and much more 

• Includes updates from the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy (IKMG) research group, the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for IgG4-related disease, Banff Foundation for Allograft Pathology, and others 

• Details updated genetic causes of nephrotic syndromes and antinephrin antibodies in podocytopathies—by the investigator who discovered it 

• Discusses the newly identified variant IgG nephropathy and novel membranous autoantigens 

• Contains chapters on techniques, including immunofluorescence on paraffin sections, C4d staining, and polyomavirus detection in tissue  

• Contains more than 4,300 print and online images, including high-resolution photographs and histologic images, full-color medical illustrations, radiologic images, and more 

• Employs consistently templated chapters, bulleted content, key facts, a variety of tables, annotated images, pertinent references, and an extensive index for quick, expert reference at the point of care 

• Shares the expertise of internationally recognized authors who provide fresh perspectives on multiple topics, with a particular emphasis on practical information that directly assists in making and supporting a diagnosis 

• Includes an eBook version that enables you to access all text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud 

Table Of Contents

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 4 

Introduction to Renal Pathology Robert B. Colvin, MD 24 

Normal Kidney Structure Neeraja Kambham, MD and Anthony Chang, MD 36 

Normal Kidney Development Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 46 

Kidney Biopsy Reports Surya V. Seshan, MD, Anthony Chang, MD, and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 48 

Needle Biopsy: Evaluation for Adequacy Lynn D. Cornell, MD 52 

Harmonized Nephropathology Terminology and Reporting Mark Haas, MD, PhD 54 

Consensus Definitions of Light and Electron Microscopy Lesions Mark Haas, MD, PhD 58 

Common Artifacts and Pitfalls Lynn D. Cornell, MD 

SECTION 2: GLOMERULAR DISEASES PODOCYTOPATHIES 66 

Minimal Change Disease (Diffuse Podocytopathy) A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 74 

Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 78 

Etiologic Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Robert B. Colvin, MD 80 

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Primary A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 88 

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Adaptive (Secondary) A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 94 

Collapsing Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY AND VARIANTS 104 

Introduction to Membranous Nephropathy Robert B. Colvin, MD and Anthony Chang, MD 112 

Etiologies of Membranous Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 114 

Membranous Nephropathy Due to PLA2R1 Autoantibodies Anthony Chang, MD and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 120 

Membranous Nephropathy Due to Non-PLA2R1 Autoantibodies Anthony Chang, MD and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 126 

Membranous Nephropathy Associated With Systemic Disease Anthony Chang, MD 130 

Membranous Nephropathy With Anti-TBM Antibodies Robert B. Colvin, MD 132 

Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh IGA-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 134 

Overview of IgA-Related Glomerular Diseases Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 138 

IgA Nephropathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath 152 

IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) Anthony Chang, MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath 158 

IgA Acute Glomerulonephritis Associated With Staphylococcus aureus Robert B. Colvin, MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath 162

Hepatic Disease With IgA Deposition Robert B. Colvin, MD SLE AND RELATED AUTOANTIBODYMEDIATED DISEASES 164 

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Shane Meehan, MB, BCh, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 182 

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 184 

Idiopathic Nonlupus Full-House Nephropathy Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD and Emilie Rijnink, MD, PhD 186 

Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Charles E. Alpers, MD ANTI-GBM DISEASES 192 

Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis Anthony Chang, MD 200 

Atypical Anti-GBM Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD COMPLEMENT-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 204 

Classification of MPGN and Complement-Related Diseases Jean Hou, MD, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Mark Haas, MD, PhD 210 

Dense Deposit Disease Jean Hou, MD, Mark Haas, MD, PhD, and A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 218 

C3 Glomerulonephritis Jean Hou, MD, Lynn D. Cornell, MD, and Mark Haas, MD, PhD 226 

C1q Nephropathy Neeraja Kambham, MD 232 

C4 Glomerulopathy Sanjeev Sethi, MD and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 234 

Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Jean Hou, MD, A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA, and Mark Haas, MD, PhD MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GLOMERULAR DISEASES 242 

Introduction to Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits Robert B. Colvin, MD 246 

Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 254 

Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal IgG Deposits Lynn D. Cornell, MD 258 

Membranous Nephropathy With Masked IgG-Kappa Deposits Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 262 

Type I Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis Evan Farkash, MD, PhD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 266 

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Anthony Chang, MD 268 

Crystalglobulin Glomerulonephritis Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 270 

Light Chain Crystalline Podocytopathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD AMYLOIDOSIS 272 

Amyloidosis Classification A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 278 

AL/AH Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 284 

AA Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 288 

AFib Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 290 

AGel Amyloidosis Sanjeev Sethi, MD 292 

ALECT2 Amyloidosis Christopher P. Larsen, MD, Sanjeev Sethi, MD, and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 294 

AApoAI Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 295 

AApoAII Amyloidosis Robert B. Colvin, MD and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 296 

AApoAIV Amyloidosis Sanjeev Sethi, MD 297 

AApoCII Amyloidosis Sanjeev Sethi, MD 298 

ATTR Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD IDIOPATHIC FIBRILLARY GLOMERULOPATHIES 300 

Diseases With Organized Deposits Robert B. Colvin, MD 304 

Fibrillary Glomerulopathy Anthony Chang, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 310 

Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy Anthony Chang, MD and Charles E. Alpers, MD 314 

Fibronectin Glomerulopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD DIABETIC AND RELATED RENAL DISEASES 318 

Diabetic Nephropathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath 328 

Metabolic Syndrome/Obesity-Related Glomerular Disease Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 332 

Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath INFECTION-RELATED GLOMERULAR DISEASES 336 

Overview of Infection-Related Glomerular Disease Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 340 

Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 348 

Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis, Nonstreptococcal A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 354 

Glomerulonephritis of Chronic Infection, Including Shunt Nephritis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 356 

Endocarditis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Christie L. Boils, MD 360 

Syphilis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 362 

Lyme Disease Neeraja Kambham, MD 364 

COVID-19 Nephropathies Lynn D. Cornell, MD, Mariam Priya Alexander, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD 372 

Hepatitis B Virus Anthony Chang, MD 376 

Hepatitis C Virus Anthony Chang, MD and Charles E. Alpers, MD 382 

HIV-Associated Nephropathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 388 

Miscellaneous HIV-Associated Renal Diseases A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 394 

Schistosomiasis Neeraja Kambham, MD 396 

Filariasis Christie L. Boils, MD 397 

Leishmaniasis Kerstin Amann, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD DRUG-INDUCED GLOMERULAR DISEASES 398 

Drug-Induced Minimal Change Disease Anthony Chang, MD and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 400 

Bisphosphonate-Induced Collapsing Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 401 

Chloroquine Toxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 402 

Antihepatitis C Virus Drugs Ivy A. Rosales, MD 406 

Anti-EGFR Drugs Kammi J. Henriksen, MD GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES 408 

Classification of Glomerular Genetic Diseases Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 410 

Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD GENETIC DISEASES OF GBM COLLAGEN 414 

Alport Syndrome Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, Helen Liapis, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD 426 

Thin Basement Membrane Disease Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD GENETIC PODOCYTE DISEASES 428 

Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of Finnish Type Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 432 

Pierson Syndrome Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen Liapis, MD 434 

Galloway-Mowat Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 436 

Denys-Drash Syndrome Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 440 

Frasier Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 442 

Podocin Deficiency Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 444 

a-Actinin-4 Deficiency Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 446 

Autosomal Dominant FSGS Due to INF2 Mutations Robert B. Colvin, MD 448 

APOL1-Related Glomerular Disease Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 452 

Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia Shane Meehan, MB, BCh GENETIC STORAGE AND LIPID DISEASES 454 

Fabry Disease Robert B. Colvin, MD and Laura Barisoni, MD 462 

Alagille Syndrome Anthony Chang, MD 464 

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 468 

APOE Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 470 

Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen Liapis, MD 472 

I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II) Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 474 

Gaucher Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA OTHER GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES 476 

Type III Collagen Glomerulopathy Nidia Messias, MD, L. Nicholas Cossey, MD, and Helen Liapis, MD 480 

Nail-Patella Syndrome Nidia Messias, MD and Helen Liapis, MD 482 

Glomerulopathy of Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Robert B. Colvin, MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath MISCELLANEOUS GLOMERULAR DISEASES 484 

Cryofibrinogenic Glomerulopathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 488 

IgM Nephropathy Neeraja Kambham, MD 490 

Kidney Disease Associated With COVID-19 Immunization Astrid Weins, MD, PhD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 494 

Renal Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 500 

Hemophagocytic Glomerulopathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD 504 

Coenzyme-Q Nephropathies Laura Barisoni, MD 506 

Hepatic Glomerulosclerosis Robert B. Colvin, MD 507 

Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Anthony Chang, MD 

SECTION 3: VASCULAR DISEASES 510 

Overview and Classification of Systemic Vasculitides Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD ANCA DISEASES 520 

ANCA-Related Glomerulonephritis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 526 

Microscopic Polyangiitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 534 

Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 544 

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 550 

Drug-Induced ANCA Vasculitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD NON-ANCA VASCULITIDES 554 

Polyarteritis Nodosa Surya V. Seshan, MD 560 

Kawasaki Disease Surya V. Seshan, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 562 

Giant Cell Arteritis Surya V. Seshan, MD 566 

Takayasu Arteritis Surya V. Seshan, MD 570 

Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis) Robert B. Colvin, MD THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES 572 

Introduction to Thrombotic Microangiopathies Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 578 

Infection-Related Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 584 

Genetic Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 588 

Autoimmune Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 592 

Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 596 

Postpartum Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 600 

Scleroderma Renal Disease Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 606 

Multicentric Castleman Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD OTHER DISEASES AFFECTING ENDOTHELIUM 608 

Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome Anthony Chang, MD 610 

Radiation Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 612 

Sickle Cell Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 616 

Retinal Vasculopathy and Cerebral Leukodystrophy Robert B. Colvin, MD HYPERTENSIVE RENAL DISEASES 618 

Hypertensive Renovascular Diseases A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 626 

Renal Artery Stenosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 630 

Fibromuscular Dysplasia A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 636 

Neurofibromatosis Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD THROMBOTIC AND EMBOLIC DISEASES 640 

Renal Vein Thrombosis Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 642 

Renal Artery Thrombosis Anthony Chang, MD 644 

Atheromatous Emboli Anthony Chang, MD 646 

Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli Kammi J. Henriksen, MD 

SECTION 4: TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 650 

Overview and Classification of Tubulointerstitial Diseases Robert B. Colvin, MD 652 

Differential Diagnosis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Lynn D. Cornell, MD 658 

Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis Ivy A. Rosales, MD 662 

Guide to Crystal Nephropathies L. Nicholas Cossey, MD ISCHEMIC INJURIES 668 

Acute Tubular Injury Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 674 

Renal Cortical Necrosis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 676

Sepsis/Shock Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD IMMUNOLOGIC TUBULAR DISEASES 678 

IgG4-Related Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 688 

Sjögren Syndrome Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH 692 

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 696 

Sarcoidosis Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH 700 

Antibrush Border Autoantibody Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Ivy A. Rosales, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 702 

Anti-TBM Disease Robert B. Colvin, MD 704 

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With IgM(+) Plasma Cells Lynn D. Cornell, MD MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 706 

Light Chain Cast Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD and Kammi J. Henriksen, MD 712 

Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy With Crystals Lynn D. Cornell, MD 716 

Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy Without Crystals Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 720 

Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis Mariam Priya Alexander, MD DRUG-INDUCED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 724 

Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 730 

Drugs That Cause Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Robert B. Colvin, MD and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 732 

Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Kidney Diseases Ivy A. Rosales, MD 736 

Papillary Necrosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 740 

Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 742 

Osmotic Tubulopathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 746 

Antiviral Drug Nephrotoxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 752 

Acute Phosphate Nephropathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD 754 

Lithium-Induced Renal Disease Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 756

Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 762 

mTOR Inhibitor Toxicity Lynn D. Cornell, MD 764 

Vancomycin-Induced Cast Nephropathy Kammi J. Henriksen, MD 766 

Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 768 

Illicit Drugs and Opioids Kammi J. Henriksen, MD TOXIC TUBULOPATHIES 770 

Myoglobinuria/Rhabdomyolysis/Hemoglobinuria Neeraja Kambham, MD 772 

Bile Cast Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 774 

Lead and Other Heavy Metal Toxins Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 778 

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 780 

Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 782 

Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 784 

Argyria Robert B. Colvin, MD AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TUBULOINTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DISEASES 786 

MUC1-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 788 

UMOD-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 790 

REN-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 792 

HNF1B-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Robert B. Colvin, MD and Marie Claire Gubler, MD GENETIC CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASES 794 

Uric Acid Nephropathy/Gout Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 798 

Primary Hyperoxaluria Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 800 

2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria Lynn D. Cornell, MD 802 

Cystinosis Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen Liapis, MD GENETIC TRANSPORT DISEASES 804 

Bartter Syndrome Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 806 

Dent Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 808 

Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH OTHER GENETIC TUBULAR DISEASES 810 

Mitochondriopathies Surya V. Seshan, MD 814 

Systemic Karyomegaly Robert B. Colvin, MD 816 

Methylmalonic Acidemia Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Linda Hasadsri, MD, PhD MISCELLANEOUS TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 820 

Nephrocalcinosis Lynn D. Cornell, MD 822 

Lysozyme Nephropathy Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD and Christopher P. Larsen, MD 824 

Secondary Oxalosis Lynn D. Cornell, MD 826 

Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities Lynn D. Cornell, MD 828 

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Lynn D. Cornell, MD 

SECTION 5: KIDNEY INFECTIONS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 834 

Acute Pyelonephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 842 

Chronic Pyelonephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 846 

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 850 

Malakoplakia Neeraja Kambham, MD 854 

Tuberculosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 856 

BCG Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 858 

Leprosy Neeraja Kambham, MD 859 

Megalocytic Interstitial Nephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 860 

Nocardiosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 862 

Leptospirosis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 864 

Whipple Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD FUNGAL, RICKETTSIAL, AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS 866 

Mucormycosis Anthony Chang, MD 868 

Candidiasis Anthony Chang, MD 869 

Histoplasmosis Anthony Chang, MD 870 

Coccidioidomycosis Anthony Chang, MD 871 

Blastomycosis Anthony Chang, MD 872 

Paracoccidioidomycosis Anthony Chang, MD 873 

Aspergillosis Anthony Chang, MD 874 

Cryptococcosis Anthony Chang, MD 875 

Microsporidiosis Robert B. Colvin, MD 876 

Rickettsial Infections Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 878 

Toxoplasmosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 880 

Hydatidosis Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD VIRAL INFECTIONS 882 

Polyomavirus Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 890 

Cytomegalovirus Infection Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 892 

Adenovirus Infection Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 894 

Epstein-Barr Virus Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 896 

Herpes Simplex Acute Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 898 

Hantavirus Nephropathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 

SECTION 6: DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES 902 

Overview of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 906 

Dysplasia/Hypoplasia/Agenesis Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 912 

Oligomeganephronia Robert B. Colvin, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 914 

Ectopia, Malrotation, Duplication, Fusion, Supernumerary Kidney Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 918 

Ask-Upmark Kidney Lynn D. Cornell, MD 920 

Renal Tubular Dysgenesis Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 

SECTION 7: CYSTIC DISEASES 926 

Overview of Cystic Diseases Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen Liapis, MD CILIOPATHIES 932 

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Anthony Chang, MD, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 938 

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 944 

Nephronophthisis and Related Ciliopathies Kerstin Amann, MD, Helen Liapis, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD OTHER GENETIC CYSTIC DISEASES 950 

von Hippel-Lindau Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 956 

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Christie L. Boils, MD 962 

Zellweger Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD MISCELLANEOUS CYSTIC DISEASES 964 

Medullary Sponge Kidney Lynn D. Cornell, MD 966 

Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Family Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 972 

Pediatric Cystic Nephroma Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Carrie L. Phillips, MD 976 

Acquired Cystic Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 980 

Simple and Miscellaneous Cysts Anthony Chang, MD 982 

Renal Lymphangioma/Lymphangiectasia Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 

SECTION 8: COLLECTING SYSTEM DISEASES 988 

Introduction to Impediments to Urine Flow Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 992 

Reflux Nephropathy Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 996 

Obstructive Uropathy Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 1000 

Nephrolithiasis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 1006 

Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 

SECTION 9: RENAL ALLOGRAFT DISEASES 1010 

Pathologic Classification of Renal Allograft Diseases Robert B. Colvin, MD INTRODUCTION 1012 

Evaluation of Allograft Kidneys Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1018 

Evaluation of Donor Kidneys Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD REJECTION 1024 

Acute T-Cell-Mediated Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1034 

Chronic T-Cell-Mediated Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1038 

Hyperacute Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1042 

Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1050 

Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1062 

Transcript Analysis of Renal Transplant Biopsies Michael Mengel, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD RECURRENT AND DE NOVO DISEASES 1066 

Diseases That Recur in Allografts Anthony Chang, MD, Lynn D. Cornell, MD, and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 1072 

De Novo Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Anthony Chang, MD and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 1074 

De Novo Membranous Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 1078 

Anti-GBM Disease in Alport Syndrome Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 1080 

Chimerism Transition Syndrome A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1082 

Late Posttransplant Histology Lynn D. Cornell, MD OTHER ALLOGRAFT DISEASES 1084 

Acute Allograft Ischemia A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1088 

Size Mismatch Allograft Injury Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 1090 

Lymphocele A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1091 

Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1092 

Transplant Renal Artery or Vein Thrombosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1094 

Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1104 

BK Polyomavirus Neoplasia Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1106 

Protocol Biopsies Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1110 

Tolerance Robert B. Colvin, MD 1114 

Kidney Xenografts Ivy A. Rosales, MD KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN RECIPIENTS OF OTHER TRANSPLANTS 1118 

Kidney Diseases in Nonrenal Transplant Recipients Robert B. Colvin, MD 1122 

Graft-vs.-Host Glomerulopathies Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 

SECTION 10: KIDNEY EXAMINATION 1126 

Examination of End-Stage Kidneys Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 1132 

Examination of Tumor Nephrectomy Specimens for Nonneoplastic Diseases Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 1136 

Evaluation of Transplant Nephrectomies Shane Meehan, MB, BCh and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1140 

Evaluation of Autopsy Kidneys Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 

SECTION 11: TECHNIQUES 1146 

Basic Concepts for Computational Image Analysis Laura Barisoni, MD and Andrew Janowczyk, PhD 1150 

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Pathology Analysis of Kidneys A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1154 

Evaluation of Fibrosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1158 

Immunofluorescence on Paraffin Tissue Sections Nidia Messias, MD 1162 

EM Processing From Paraffin Tissue A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1164 

Detection of Autoantigens in Membranous Nephropathy Christopher P. Larsen, MD and A. Bernard Collins, BS 1168 

Alport Collagen IV Immunofluorescence A. Bernard Collins, BS, Christopher P. Larsen, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD 1170 

C4d Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence Robert B. Colvin, MD and A. Bernard Collins, BS 1174 

Polyomavirus Detection in Tissue Robert B. Colvin, MD 1176 

Mass Spectrometry Sanjeev Sethi, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 1178 

Diagnostic Genetics of Kidney Diseases Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD and Yasar Caliskan, MD

Author Information

By Robert B. Colvin, MD, Benjamin Castleman Distinguished Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Pathologist-in-Chief, Emeritus, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Anthony Chang, MD, Anthony Chang, MD, Professor of Pathology, Director UChicago MedLabs, The University of Chicago and Lynn D. Cornell, MD, Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota