Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention

Tanmoy Rana (Editor)

ISBN: 9781119896111 

August 2023 

Wiley-Blackwell 

368 Pages

DESCRIPTION

Learn to diagnose, treat, and clinically manage a wide variety of diseases in goats

In Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention, veterinary medicine expert Dr. Tanmoy Rana delivers a singularly informative resource covering infectious diseases affecting ruminant animals. The book offers key insights into the most important aspects of common and unusual diseases affecting goats, providing clinical management best practices for veterinary practitioners engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of ruminant diseases.

The author explains ruminant disease, as well as its diagnosis and treatment, systematically, explaining the etiopathogenesis of various pathogens, clinical symptoms, disease prevention and control, and the most recent advances in identifying and treating diseases in goats. Readers will also find:

• A thorough introduction to managing nutrition in goats

• Comprehensive explorations of the handling and restraining of goats for the purpose of veterinary treatment

• Practical discussions of the collection, preservation, processing, and shipment of clinical materials in the treatment of goats

• Fulsome treatments of parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral, and other diseases of goats, as well as the management of pain from surgery and lameness

Perfect for undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students studying veterinary medicine, Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention will also benefit practitioners and students with an interest in studying or preventing disease in ruminants.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contributors xxiii

Preface xxvii

Acknowledgments xxix

1 Introduction 1

 1.1 Introduction 1

 1.2 Global Distribution 1

 1.3 Advantages of Goat Rearing 1

 1.4 Goat Milk and Products 2

 1.5 Chevon 3

 1.6 Fiber and Other Products 4

 1.7 Goat Production System 4

 1.8 Constraints in Goat Farming 4

 1.9 Economics of Disease in Goats 4

 1.10 Goat Diseases and Public Health 5

 1.11 Prevention of Disease 5

Multiple-Choice Questions 6

References 7

2 Nutrition and Management of Goats 9

 2.1 Essential Nutrients for Goats 9

  2.1.1 Protein 9

  2.1.2 Carbohydrates 9

  2.1.3 Fats 10

 2.7 Conclusion 18

Multiple-Choice Questions 18

References 19

Further Reading 19

3 Handling and Restraining of Goats 21

 3.1 Purposes of Handling and Restraining 21

 3.2 Basics of Animal Behavior Associated with Handling 21

  3.2.1 Experience of Handler 22

Multiple-Choice Questions 28

References 30

4 Clinical Findings of Diseases of Goats 33

 4.1 Diagnosis of Skin Diseases by Clinical Findings 33

  4.1.1 Pruritus 33

  4.1.2 Hyperkeratosis 34

  4.1.3 Abscesses, Nodules, Scales, and Crust 34

  4.1.4 Alopecia 34

  4.1.5 Pigmentary Changes 35

Multiple-Choice Questions 45

References 47

5 Collection, Preservation, Processing, and Dispatch of Clinical Material of Goats 49

 5.1 Why Are Samples Collected? 49

 5.2 Who Should Collect the Samples? 50

 5.3 Sample Collection and Emergency Preparedness 50

 5.4 Various Samples and Sample Collection Methods from Diseased Goats 50

Multiple-Choice Questions 60

References 61

6 Parasitic Diseases of Goats 63

 6.1 Common Trematode Diseases of Goats 63

  6.1.1 Fasciolosis 63

  6.1.2 Dicrocoeliosis in Goats 65

  6.1.3 Paramphistomiasis in Goats 66

 6.2 Common Tapeworm Diseases of Goats 67

Multiple-Choice Questions 76

References 77

7 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia Diseases of Goats 79

 7.1 Mycoplasma 79

  7.1.1 Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia 79

   7.1.1.1 History 79

Multiple-Choice Questions 91

References 93

Further Readings 93

Mycoplasma 93

Rickettsia 94

Chlamydia 94

8 Bacterial Diseases of Goats 95

 8.1 Anthrax 95

  8.1.1 Etiology 95

  8.1.2 Clinical Features 95

Multiple-Choice Questions 109

References 110

9 Fungal Diseases of Goats 111

 9.1 Fundamentals of Fungal Diseases of Goats 111

 9.2 Dermatophytosis in the Goat: Ringworm, Tinea 111

  9.2.1 Etiology 111

 9.9 Conclusion 124

Multiple-Choice Questions 124

References 125

10 Viral Diseases of Goats 127

 10.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 127

 10.2 Goat Pox 128

 10.3 Foot and Mouth Disease 130

 10.4 Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis 131

 10.5 Rabies 132

Multiple-Choice Questions 133

References 134

11 Transboundary, Emerging, and Exotic Diseases of Goats 137

 11.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants 138

  11.1.1 Etiology and Epidemiology 139

  11.1.2 Transmission 140

  11.1.3 Clinical Findings 140

 11.6 Conclusion 152

Multiple-Choice Questions 152

References 153

12 Production Diseases of Goats 155

 12.1 Body Condition Scoring in Goats and Its Significance in Relation to Production Diseases 155

 12.2 Factors Affecting Nutritional Requirements in Goats 155

 12.3 Major Production Diseases Encountered in Goats 156

Multiple-Choice Questions 163

References 164

Further Reading 164

13 Poisoning in Goats 165

 13.1 Toxic Plant Poisoning 166

  13.1.1 Lantana camara Poisoning 167

  13.1.2 Cyanogenic Glycoside/Cyanide Poisoning 168

  13.1.3 Subabul Poisoning 168

 13.11 Conclusion 176

Multiple-Choice Questions 177

References 178

14 Genetic Diseases of Goats 183

 14.1 Congenital Abnormalities 184

  14.1.1 Congenital Abnormalities of Joints and the Skeleton 184

  14.1.2 Akabane Virus (Bunyavirus) 184

  14.1.3 Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (Spider Lamb Syndrome) 185

  14.18 Conclusion 193

Multiple-Choice Questions 193

References 194

15 Protozoan Diseases in Goats 195

 15.1 Babesiosis 195

  15.1.1 Life Cycle 195

  15.1.2 Pathogenesis 196

  15.1.3 Symptoms 196

Multiple-Choice Questions 204

References 205

16 Metabolic Diseases in Goats 207

 16.1 Polioencephalomalacia 207

  16.1.1 Etiology 207

  16.1.2 Clinical Signs 208

  16.1.3 Ancillary Diagnostic Tests 208

Multiple-Choice Questions 218

References 219

17 Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Goats 221

 17.1 Deficiency of Water 221

 17.2 Deficiency of Energy 222

 17.3 Deficiency of Protein 223

Multiple-Choice Questions 233

References 234

18 Diagnostic Techniques in Goats 237

 18.1 Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 237

  18.1.1 Case History 237

  18.1.2 Clinical Signs 237

  18.1.3 Physical Examination 237

Multiple-Choice Questions 248

References 249

19 Management of Pain from Surgery and Lameness in Goats 251

 19.1 Pathophysiology of Pain 251

 19.2 Arthritis 251

 19.3 Recognition of Pain 252

 19.4 Analgesics Available 252

  19.4.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 252

   19.4.1.1 Flunixin Meglumine 255

   19.4.1.2 Meloxicam 255

   19.4.1.3 Other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs 255

  19.4.2 Opioids 255

   19.4.2.1 Morphine 256

   19.4.2.2 Butorphanol 256

   19.4.2.3 Fentanyl 256

   19.4.2.4 Other Opioids 256

  19.4.3 α 2 Adrenergic Agonists 256

  19.4.4 Ketamine 257

  19.4.5 Gabapentin 258

 19.5 Non-pharmacological Therapies 258

 19.6 Regulatory Concerns 258

 19.7 Strategies for Analgesia in Goats 258

  19.7.1 Preoperative Analgesia 258

  19.7.2 Epidural 258

  19.7.3 Regional Local Anesthesia 260

  19.7.4 Topical Agents 261

 19.8 Management of Osteoarthritis 261

 19.9 Future Directions 261

 19.10 Conclusion 262

Multiple-Choice Questions 262

References 264

20 Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 267

 20.1 Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance 267

  20.1.1 Indiscriminate Use of Drugs 267

  20.1.2 Unchecked Antimicrobial Dosage 268

  20.1.3 Inadequate Diagnostics 268

  20.1.4 Veterinary Practitioners 268

  20.1.5 Poor Hygiene and Sanitation Practices 268

  20.1.6 Lack of Effective Preventive and Control Strategies 269

  20.1.7 Poor Surveillance and Monitoring 269

 20.2 Types of Antimicrobial Resistance 269

  20.2.1 Natural Resistance 269

  20.2.2 Acquired Resistance 269

  20.2.3 Side Resistance 270

  20.2.4 Cross-Resistance 270

  20.2.5 Multiple Resistance or Multiple Drug Resistance 270

 20.3 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance 270

  20.3.1 Natural Resistance 270

   20.3.1.1 Permeability Barrier 270

   20.3.1.2 Biofilm Formation 271

  20.3.2 Acquired Resistance 271

   20.3.2.1 Vertical Gene Transfer 271

   20.3.2.2 Horizontal Gene Transfer 271

 20.4 Barriers to Effective Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance 273

 20.5 Present Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices 279

 20.6 Conclusion 279

Multiple-Choice Questions 279

References 280

21 Prevention and Control Strategy in Combating Diseases of Goats 285

 21.1 Control of Infectious Diseases 285

  21.1.1 Biosecurity Measures 285

  21.1.2 Vaccination 288

 21.2 Control of Endoparasites/Internal Parasites 290

  21.2.1 Nematodes 290

  21.2.2 Cestodes 290

  21.2.3 Trematodes 290

  21.2.4 Lungworms 291

  21.2.5 Deworming Schedule for Goats 291

  21.2.6 Common Measures for Control of Endoparasites 291

 21.3 Control of Ectoparasites/External Parasites 292

  21.3.1 Ticks 292

   21.3.1.1 Treatment, Prevention, and Control of Ticks 293

  21.3.2 Lice 293

   21.3.2.1 Treatment and Control of Lice Infestation 293

  21.3.3 Mites 293

   21.3.3.1 Psoroptic Mange 293

   21.3.3.2 Sarcoptic Mange 294

   21.3.3.3 Demodectic Mange 294

   21.3.3.4 Control and Treatment Strategy for Mange Mites 294

 21.4 Control of Protozoal Infections 294

  21.4.1 Coccidiosis 294

   21.4.1.1 Treatment and Control of Coccidiosis 294

  21.4.2 Cryptosporidiosis 295

  21.4.3 Toxoplasmosis 296

 21.5 Diseases of Nutrition and Metabolism 296

  21.5.1 Mineral Deficiencies 296

  21.5.2 Vitamin Deficiencies 296

  21.5.3 Milk Fever 296

  21.5.4 Grass Tetany 297

  21.5.5 Ruminal Acidosis 297

 21.6 Poisonous Plants 297

 21.7 Pregnancy Toxemia 297

Multiple-Choice Questions 298

References 298

Answers 299

Index 321 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Tanmoy Rana, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex at West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences. He specializes in veterinary clinical medicine for pets and small and large ruminants in Kolkata, India.