The Rat Nervous System, 4th Edition

    an introduction to their functions

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgements

Section I. Development

  Chapter 1. Gene Maps and Related Histogenetic Domains in the Forebrain and Midbrain

    Molecular Versus Anatomical Distinction of Brain Subdivisions: The Specification State

    Sharing of Molecularly Distinct Brain Domains Among Vertebrates

    Differential Aspects of Histogenesis

    The Bauplan of the Brain

    The Neural Plate Subdivisions

    The Closed Neural Tube

    Basal Plate Regions

    Alar Plate Regions

  Chapter 2. Neuromeric Landmarks in the Rat Midbrain, Diencephalon and Hypothalamus, Compared with

                Acetylcholinesterase Histochemistry

    Emergence of Ache-Positive (Ache⁺) Cells Between E11 And E14.5

    Correlation with Autoradiographic Data

    Differences Between the Rat and Chicken Patterns

  Chapter 3. Tangential Migration in the Telencephalon

    Tangential Migration of Cortical Interneurons

    The Rostral Migratory Stream

    Subpallial Tangential Migrations

    Tangential Migration of Pallial Neurons

    Tangential Migration of Glial Cells

    Tangential Migration and the Assembly of Telencephalic Structures

Section II. Peripheral Nervous System

  Chapter 4. Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System

    Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

    Arrangements of Autonomic Ganglia and Nerves

    Visceral Afferent (Sensory) Neurons and Afferent Inputs to Autonomic Reflexes

    Chemical Coding of Neurons and its Relevance to Understanding Autonomic Nervous System Organization

  Chapter 5. Primary Afferent Projections to the Spinal Cord

    Dorsolateral Fasciculus (Lissauer’s Tract)

    Terminations of Primary Afferent Projections in the Spinal Cord

    Somatotopic Arrangement of Primary Afferent Projections

    Projections of Primary Afferents to Rexed’s Laminae and Spinal Cord Nuclei

  Chapter 6. Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

    The Laminae of Rexed

    Nuclei of the Spinal Cord

  Chapter 7. Substantia Gelatinosa of the Spinal Cord

    Introduction

    Definition

    Termination of Primary Afferents in the Superficial Dorsal Horn

    Characteristics of Neurons of the Superficial Laminae of the Spinal Cord

    Ultrastructure of the Spinal Dorsal Horn

    Neurochemistry of the Dorsal Horn

    Synaptic Circuits

    Descending Pathways

Section III. Brainstem and Cerebellum

  Chapter 9. Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections

    Introduction

    Morphology of the Cerebellum

    The Cerebellar Cortex

    The Cerebellar Nuclei

    Organization of the Corticonuclear Projection

    Organization of the Olivocerebellar Projection

    Organization of Mossy Fiber Projections

    Molecular and Genetic Organization of the Cerebellar Cortex

    Organization Of Cerebellar Output

    Cerebellar Functional Units

  Chapter 10. Periaqueductal Gray

    Introduction: Early Cytoarchitectural Studies

    PAG Columnar Organization

    The PAG and Parallel Circuits for Emotional Coping

    The Rostral PAG

    Conclusions

  Chapter 11. Oromotor Nuclei

    Introduction

    Motor Trigeminal Nucleus

    Facial Nucleus

    Hypoglossal Nucleus

    Summary and Conclusions

  Chapter 12. The Lower Urinary Tract

    Introduction

    The Anatomy and Innervation of the Lower Urinary Tract

    Conclusions

Section IV. Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, Amygdala, and Septum

  Chapter 13. Organization of the Hypothalamus

    Introduction

    Morphological Organization of the Hypothalamus

    Functional Neural Systems

  Chapter 14. Hypothalamic Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

    Magnocellular Neurosecretory System

    Parvocellular Neurosecretory System

    Pituitary Gland

    Supraoptic Nucleus

    Paraventricular Nucleus

    Accessory Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons

  Chapter 15. Circumventricular Organs

    Introduction and General Features

    Subfornical Organ (SFO)

    Vascular Organ of the Lamina Terminalis (OVLT)

    Area Postrema

    Median Eminence and Neurohypophysis

    Subcommissural Organ (SCO)

    Pineal Gland

    Choroid Plexus

  Chapter 16. Thalamus

    Some General Aspects of Thalamic Organization

    Functional Subdivisions of the Thalamus

    Categorization of Thalamic Afferents as “Drivers” or “Modulators”

    Reciprocity of Thalamo-Corticothalamic Relationships

    Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

    Ventral Posterior Complex

    Posterior Nucleus

    Ventral Posterior Parvicellular Region

    Medial Geniculate Nucleus

    Ventral Anterior and Ventral Lateral Nuclei

    Ventral Medial Nucleus

    Mediodorsal Nucleus

    Submedial Nucleus

    Anterior Nuclei

    Lateral Nuclei

    Intralaminar Nuclei

    Midline Nuclei

    Reticular Nucleus

  Chapter 17. The Basal Ganglia

    Introduction

    Cortical Input to the Striatum

    Striatum

    Indirect Pathway

    Direct/Indirect Striatal Output Systems

    Striatal Patch/Matrix Compartments

    Nigrostriatal Dopamine System

    Basal Ganglia Outputs

    Dual Output Systems of Striatal Output Pathways

    Summary

  Chapter 18. Amygdala: Structure and Function

    Introduction

    Development and Territories in the Rat Amygdala

    Cytoarchitectonics and Chemoarchitectonics of the Amygdala

    Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala

    Behavioral Neurobiology of the Amygdala

    Is the Amygdala a Functional System?

    Abbreviation List

  Chapter 19. Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System: Specific or Diffuse?

    Introduction

    Afferents in the BASAL Forebrain Show Regionally Restricted Localization

    Cholinergic Cell Groups Show Regionally Selective Dendritic Orientation

    Gross Organization of Cholinergic BF Cells

    Cholinergic Cell Clusters and Overlapping Pools of Projection Neurons

    Concluding Remarks

Section V. Cortex

  Chapter 20. Hippocampal Formation

    Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation (HF)

    Anatomy of the Parahippocampal Region (PHR)

    Connectivity of the Hippocampal Formation and Parahippocampal Region

    The Organization of Hippocampal Circuitry and the Flow of Information Processing

    Internet Resources

  Chapter 21. Cingulate Cortex and Pain Architecture

    Introduction

    Area, Layer and Regional Organization

    Cingulate Connections

    A Theory of Rodent MCC Function

    Retrosplenial Cortex

    Cingulate Pain Architecture

    Comparative Organization of Rat and Human Cingulate Cortices

  Chapter 22. Isocortex

    Frontal Cortex

    Parietal Cortex

    Temporal Cortex

    Occipital Cortex

    Receptor Architecture and Hierarchical Organization of Rat Isocortical Areas

    Abbreviation List

Section VI. Systems

  Chapter 23. Central Autonomic System

    Medullospinal Level: Reflex Control

    Mesopontine Level: Modulation and Integration of Reflex Control and Arousal

    Forebrain Level: Behavioral and Metabolic Integration of Autonomic Control and Arousal

    Summary and Conclusion

  Chapter 24. Somatosensory System

    Introduction

    Receptors and Peripheral Nerve Afferents

    Relay Nuclei of the Brainstem and Upper Spinal Cord

    The Thalamic Stage of Somatic Sensory Processing in Rats

    Cortical Areas Involved in Processing Somatosensory Information

    Importance of Descending Sensory Cortical Projections

  Chapter 25. Pain System

    Nociceptors

    Dorsal Horn Interneurons

    Ascending Nociceptive Pathways

    Thalamus and Cortex

    Descending Control Systems

    Plastic Changes in Pathological Conditions

  Chapter 26. Gustatory System

    Introduction

    Peripheral Anatomy

    Central Organization

    Cytoarchitecture

    Neurochemistry

    Functional Considerations

    Conclusion

 Chapter 27. The Olfactory System

    Introduction

    The Olfactory Epithelium

    Main Olfactory Bulb

    Neuromodulatory Inputs to Mob

    Primary Olfactory Cortex

    The Accessory Olfactory System

    Non-Canonical Olfactory Systems

    Olfaction and Behavior

  Chapter 28. The Vestibular System

    The Vestibular Receptors

    Primary Vestibular Afferents

    Anatomy of the Vestibular Nuclei

    Vestibular Processing in Alert Animals

    Vestibular Pharmacology

    Membrane and Firing Properties of Central Vestibular Neurons

    Vestibulo-Autonomic Interactions

    Vestibular Plasticity

    The Vestibular System and Spatial Navigation

  Chapter 29. Auditory System

    The Organ of Corti

    The Cochlear Nuclear Complex

    The Superior Olivary Complex

    The Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus

    The Inferior Colliculus

    The Medial Geniculate Body

    The Auditory Cortex

    The Descending Auditory Pathway

  Chapter 30. Visual System

    Introduction

    Distribution of Retinal Ganglion Cells

    Retinal Output

    Optic Nerve, Chiasm, and Tract

    Retino-Recipient Nuclei

    Associated Visual Nuclei

    Visual Cortex

  Chapter 31. Cerebral Vascular System

    Introduction

    Methodology

    Cerebral Blood Vessels

    Spinal Cord Blood Vessels

    Vascular Innervation

    Functional Localization with Blood Flow

    Index

Authors

George Paxinos